This essay is my Final Project for my Com 150 Class. I chose this topic because I have great fascination about space exploration; Hope you guys will enjoy reading!
“That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind,” is the famous line spoken by Neil Armstrong, the first man to ascend to the moon on July 20, 1969. His words proved to be accurate, as the evolution of space technology is one of the advancements that changed the way people live. Among the most important contributions of space technology to humankind is in medical sciences. Breast cancer research is one of the many medical aspects that benefit from space exploration technology. An examination of advancements in technology will reveal that space exploration has led to advances in breast cancer research.
Www.historychannel.com (2005) says space exploration dates back as early as 2nd century AD, when an imaginary voyage to the moon was written by the Greek satirist Lucian. As a result, revolutionary ideas about space travel ensued. Aside from scientific theories about space, literature contributed as well in instilling the dream for humankind to conquer space. Works such as “War of the Worlds” and “The First Man on the Moon” by HG Wells and “From the Earth to the Moon” by Jules Verne provided unwavering inspiration for humankind between the 1800’s and 1900’s to decipher the mysteries of space and universe. However, it was not until John F. Kennedy was sworn into office as the United States’ President, that the American people were genuinely challenged to explore space. In 1961, Kennedy spoke to a Joint Session of Congress, expressing his goal of landing a man on the moon. He was very eager for the United States to lead the way in the space race with the help of NASA.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established in 1958 and has since accomplished many immense scientific feats in aerospace technology. NASA is the United States government’s agency that is responsible for the country’s space exploration program. Established by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, its aim is partially to respond to the Soviet Union’s launch of the first artificial satellite the previous year (www.nasa.gov, 2008). The agency piloted major space missions and programs including the Mercury Program between 1953 and 1963 which was the first U.S. crewed program, the Gemini Program from 1963 and 1966, and the Apollo Program from 1961 and 1972 which successfully took the first human to the moon. These programs were followed by further space explorations. Presently, NASA is engaged in the International Space Station which is so far the most complex international scientific project in history and represents a move of unprecedented scale off Earth (NASA Facts, 1999). The US led coalition project assembled a research laboratory in space; its members include Russia, Japan, Canada, 11 European countries and Brazil.
These explorations ushered in a new era of innovations, inventions and discoveries that were useful in executing the programs, and at the same time yielded conveniences to humankind. Semi-conductors for computer technology improved speed, lowered power requirements and reduced size and memory. Households benefit from security systems, smoke detectors, flat panel televisions, quartz crystal timing equipments, cellular phones, blue tooth wireless and water purification system. Fire resistant materials, use of solar energy, sewage treatment, air purification, pollution measuring devices and earthquake detection were important advancements to environment preservation and management. Doppler radar for storm warnings, radiation hazard detectors, portable GPS navigation system and innovative auto designs improved public safety. One of the most vital contributions of space exploration technology to humankind is in the medical sciences. The website for Boeing (2008) states that CATScan and MRI technologies are used today in hospitals around the world to search the human body for tumors and other abnormalities; they were originally developed to computer enhance pictures of the Moon for the Apollo program.
Among of the most important benefits of medicine from space technology is in the search for the prevention and cure of breast cancer. According to Susan G. Komen for Cure 2007 Breast Cancer Fact Sheet, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, except for skin cancer and accounts for more than 1 in 4 cancers diagnosed in women in the United States. The disease not only affects the victims but those who are close to them, including family and friends. The American Cancer Society (2007) described breast cancer as a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast which may invade surrounding tissues and spread to the distant organs. They also reported that although this disease occurs almost entirely to women, even men can be prone to breast cancer. Research indicates that diet and healthy lifestyle can help prevent breast cancer. The consensus among scientists is that a huge number of cases, about 90 per cent, are caused by a person’s lifestyle. By eating the right foods, women can dramatically reduce the risk of developing the disease (Harvie, 2006). Experts contend that women who are overweight have increased chances of acquiring breast cancer due to higher estrogen and insulin levels. Overweight women should loose weight through regular exercise and eating natural food rich in vitamins A, C, D, and E as well as calcium and selenium will help reduce the risk. These vitamins and minerals are found in vegetables like cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower. Intake of supplements is, however, discouraged by experts. They say there is no quick fix in preventing the cancer.
The specter of breast cancer begets anxiety in women and their families not only in the United States, but all over the world. Auspiciously, medical science and other concerned organizations have been continuing their search for early prevention, swift diagnosis and effective cure. As space technology and innovations flourish so does the research on how to triumph over the disease.
Space technology has immense significance in the diagnosis and cure of breast cancer. Medical equipment such as Mammograms that use x-rays to examine breasts was further improved by installing solar cell sensors that minimize radiation exposure to the patients. Another important discovery is the “Smart Probe” that locates suspicious tissue, predicts how the disease would spread and determines immediate diagnosis. Bluck and Goodkind (1998) pointed out that a NASA-Stanford team was developing this smart probe that can be used for breast cancer detection and analysis. Treatment involving microwaves was originally developed at MIT in the late 1980s as a tool for missile detection (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007). As reported by Allyson Collins (2008), a News Office Correspondent of Tech Talk, the MIT paper, “Treating breast cancer with a type of heat therapy derived from MIT radar research can significantly increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.” University
Space technology has provided hope and better ways to manage breast cancer. Advancements from this technology have led to a faster and easier diagnosis and treatment of the disease through the proper dissemination of information to the public. The American Cancer Society released a report that from 2001 to 2004, cases of breast cancer decreased among white women by 3.7%. This is being attributed to inexpensive mammograms. There are no known statistics to show that breast cancer is curable despite the advancements. This is a major leap from how the disease was viewed decades ago.
There are many returns in space investment. For every dollar the United States spends on its programs for research and development, seven dollars come back as personal and corporate income taxes in the form of more jobs created and economic growth (McArdle, et al., 2006). The government has proposed a budget of $17.6 billion dollars for fiscal year 2009, a 1.8% increase over the 2008 budget (Roberts, 2008). Current missions are focused on environment, climate changes of the Earth and digital imaging through the use of satellites in planet exploration.
Clearly, there are more possibilities for human innovations particularly in the advancement of breast cancer research as long as space exploration continues. Scientists are now using NASA Bioreactors to culture breast cells on Earth to learn what controls the growth of both healthy and malignant breast tissues through a special incubator designed to grow tissue samples in space (Dooling and Richmond, 1998). Findings from this experiment are expected to increase the quality of healthcare for women on earth and space. While humankind continues to explore and conquer space, they are building the channels to a more civilized society and possibly the cure for breast cancer.
One might conclude that explorers, scientists and science have done more than expected in working hard to find preventions and cures of breast cancer. Looking at the big picture, space technology has indeed been a huge instrument not only in medicine but to humankind as a whole. There is more to be discovered and improvements to be made. Can medical science eradicatebreast cancer as technology changes and improves? This question is yet to be resolved. In the meantime, humankind can hope for and anticipate more possibilities and doors to be opened. Decades from now, the dissertation that an examination of advancements in technology will reveal that space exploration has led to advances in breast cancer research will still be valid. Undoubtedly, the technology that is not known today will be operational in the coming years when the visage of breast cancer will be different from today.
References
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